Illuminating combination-tile



T. HYATT.

ILLUMINATING GOMBINATIONTILE.' v No. 317,944. lfzggl. lPatented May' 1-2, 1885.

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ILLUMINATING COMBINATION TILE.

ted May 12, 1885.

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NITED STATES -PATENT OFFICE.

THADDEUS HYATT, OF BROOKLYN, NEV YORK.

ILLUMINATING COMBINATION-TILE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 317,944, dated May 12, 188.5.

Application filed April 6, 1885.

To @ZZ wiz/m, it may concern:

Be it known that I, THADDEUs HYATT, a citizenof the United States, residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Illuminating Combination- Tiles, of which the following is a speciiication, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to the kind of combination-tiles made of fractional gratings, in which the disposition of the light-holes is such that on the fractions being put together the light-holes run crosswise to the tile on' lines parallel with the junction sides of the gratings.

The defect of the construction as hitherto made is that the light-holes bordering the junction sides of the fractional gratings have no nare on the under side, where they impinge against the junction borders of the grating, and as the junction lines that cross the under face of the combination-tile are in most cases but nine or ten inches apart, the result is that nearly or quite one-half of all the openings, when viewed from the under side of the construction, present the disfigurement of partially-splayed light-holes, the unsightly appearance of which detracts from the merit of the work and thereby lessens its value.

For a clear understanding of why this defeet exists in combination-tiles made of fractional gratings, with the light-holes so disposed therein as to run crosswise to the tile, I must explain that in order to produce a light-eld in the combination-tile that shall have the unitary appearance of the light-field of the one-casting tile,it is necessary that the thickness of the line of dead material between the border rows of glasses at the junction edges of the fractional gratings shall be the same as that between the light-holes within the body of the gratings, respectively, which matter is fully set forth and illustrated in my Patent No. 815,412, dated 7th day of April, I885,where the junction sides of the fractional gratings are shown as running parallel with the rows `of light-holes. The'result of this parallelism of the junction sides of the gratings with the run of the light-holes is to produce straight inflexible sides that cut away nearly the whole of the dead material from (Xo model.)

the outside of the lightholes themselves where they impinge against the junction edges along the line of light-holes, the consequence of whichis that no material-and no room for splaying the holes properly on the under side is left.

The object of my present invention is to obtain for the light-holes of the junction borders of the gratings the same amount of flare or splay as that of the other light-holes of the gratings without alteration of the thickness of the line of dead material between the border rows of glasses at the junction edges thereof relatively to that of the lines of dead material between the rows of light-holes within the body of the gratings, respectively.

My invention consists in making fractionalv gratings of the character hereinabove described, made with junction sides, the bounding-lines of which, instead of being inflexible and straight, are sinuous, and which,` in place of conforming to the light-holes collectively as rows or lines, conform to them individually, following the curves or contour of the lightholes themselves, the sinuous junction seam formed thereby between the fractions being ymade up either of curved or of a succession of short straight lines, the curved lines forming a waved or serpentine seam, and thev straight lines forming a serrated onzigzag seam, as will hereinafter more fully appear.

Figure l represents a portion of a combination-tile at the line of junction where two fractional gratings meet. A indicates a portion of one fractional grating. B indicates another. A X indicate the border row of lightholes in A at junction-line. X B indicate the border row of light-holesin B at j unctionline. a a indicate the junction edge of fraction A. `b b indicate the junction edge of fraction B. c c indicate the joint'seam between junction sides a and b. C D E are diagrams showing that the triangular grouping of the light-holes in the gratings is the same on the junction-lines as elsewhere.

Fig. 2 represents a portion of a combination-tile at the line of junction where two fractional gratings made with my improved proved combination-tile.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-section of Fig. l on the line xx, and Fig. 4 is an enlarged cross- Ico or sinuous junction sides meet to form the irn-A j section of Fig. 1 on the line y y. Numbers 1 to 6 on the perpendicular line x, Fig. 1, indicate the order of succession in which dead material and light-holes follow each other crosswise of the fractional grating, the purpose ofthe numbers being to facilitate a comprehension of cross-section, Fig. 3, and numbers 7 to 12 on perpendicular line y y, Fig. 1, also indicate the order of succession in which dead material and light-holes follow each other crosswise of the fraction, the purpose of these numbers being to facilitate a comprehension of cross-section, Fig. 4.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged cross-section of Fig. 2 on the line x x, and Fig. 6is an enlarged crossseetion of Fig. 2 on the line y y. The lightholes of Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6 are represented as closed by the glasses needed to complete the gratingtile. Numbers 1 to 6 on perpendicular line x m, Fig. 2, indicate with reference to Fig. 5 in like manner as the saine numbersin Fig. 1 indicate with respect to Fig. 3, and numbers 7 to 12 on perpendicular line y y, Fig. 2, indicate with reference to Fig. 6 in like manner as thev same numbers in Fig. l indicate with l respect to Fig. 4.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of Fig. 1, and Fig. 8 is an enlargedA view of Fig. 2.

d d on Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6 indicate perfectlysplayed light-holes, and d d on Figs. 3 and 4 indicate imperfectly-splayed light-holes.

The hexagonal shapes shown on Fig. 8 in broken lines are designed to make apparent the honey-comb arrangement of the light-holes in groups of triangles, and to also indicate that the waved or serpentine form of the joint seams and junction sides of the fractional gratings amounts practically to the same thing as the geometrical lines inherent in the honeycomb arrangement of the light-holes, theremoved angles and the softened lines being made for the sake of beauty and to make seams less conspicuous to the eye, and also to secure junction sides better adapted for being cemented together.

In Fig. 3, A indicates top fraction A of Fig. 1, and B, Fig. 3, indicates thebottom fraction B of Fig. l. Looking at A, Fig. 1, and runningy the eye down the perpendicularline xx, we have iirst the dead material number 1, seen correspondingly in Fig. 3, at the left hand, where a like number 1 indicates it. NcXt,we have light-hole number 2, seen correspondingly in Fig. 3,where a like number indicates it. Then comes number 3, dead material again, correspondingly shown in Fig. 3 by a like number. This brings us to the junction edge a of the fractional grating A, where the joint-seam cis seen as a perpendicular crevice between A and B.

YlVe now come to the border light-hole 4 in fraction B, Fig. 1, situated at the junction edge b of fraction B, shown with great clearness, in Fig. 3, where a like number, 4, indi,- cates the same.' By comparing light-hole 4, Fig. 3, infractional grating B with light-hole 2, Fig. 3, in fractional grating A,we perceive that whereas light-hole, has perfectly-splayed sides,lighthole 4 is imperfect, the side d next the joint-seam c being almost perpendicular, a circumstance entirely due to the straight inflexible line of the junction-seam c c,as shown in Fig. 1, where light-hole 4 is almost upon the very edge of the grating, illustrated more clearly in the enlarged section, Fig. 3, where scarce any dead material is seen to exist between glass 4 and b, the junction side of the fraction. Clearly there is no chance for splaying the light-holehere,and what is true of this one hole 4 is true of every other light-hole along the line from X to Bv in fraction B, and from A to X in fraction A, Fig. l. Lighthole 4 in Fig. 1, as seen enlarged in cross-section, Fig. 3, illustrates the condition of the whole line of light.- holes from X to B in fractional plate B, Fig. 1, and light-hole 9 in Fig. 1, as seen enlarged in Fig. 4, illustrates the condition of the whole line of light-holes from A to X in fractional plate, Fig. 1, the imperfectly-splayed light-hole 9 in fraction A, Fig. 4, corresponding on one side of thejunction-line in plate A with the imperfectlysplayed light-hole 4 in fraction B, Fig. 3, on the other side ofthe .junction-line, thelitwo taken together illustrating the character, con dition, and imperfection of all the borderlight-holes of fractional gratings in combination-tiles where the dividing-line between the fractions is an inexible straight line, asrepresented at c c, Fig. 1, and in the enlarged view, Fig. 7.

But when, in place of conformingthejunction sides ofthe fractional gratings to the lightholes as lines or rows of holes, the junction sides are made to conform to the light-holes individually, as herein explained, and as illustrated at c c, Fig. 2, (seen to better advantage in Fig. 8,) we have j unction sides no more difficult to celnent together than when made perfectl y straight, and with the additional advantage ofj oint seams less apparent tothe eye when the work is iinished,together with the moreimportant advantage of an equality of de ad niaterial around every light-hole of the border rows, precisely the same with every other light-hole of the grating wherever located, and with consequently the same splay on the under side, as clearly illustrated bylight-hole 4in Fig. 5, in comparison with light-hole 2, same figure, and as illustratedby light-hole 9, Fig. 6, in comparison with light-hole 11, same figure, the reason for which becomes apparent when the thickness of dead material shown in Fig. 8, between the waved dottedlines that touch and correspond to the contour of the individual light-holes of the gratings, is compared with the thickness of dead material shown in Fig.7 ,between the inllexible str-aight dotted lines that touch but do not correspond to the contour'of the individual light-holes of the gratings. There the lines are straight,as in Fig. 7, all the advantage for splaying the light-holesoffered by the Vdead material be tween the light-holes immediately'on the line IIO is lost, but where the lines are waved, as in Fig. 8, this opportunity is taken advantage of and turned to account, as fully set forth herein and explained.

What I claim as my invention isl. A fractional grating wherein the lightholes are disposed on the honey-comb plan, in groups of triangles, in combination with junction sides formed on a waved or serpentine outline in harmony with the geometrical disposition of the holes, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and illustrated.

2. In illuminating-tile constructions, fractional gratings having their light-holes arranged in lines parallel with the dividing-lines of the fractions, and having their junction edges formed in a waved or sinuous outline, substantially as herein shown and described.

3. In combination-tiles made of fractional gratings wherein the light-holes are grouped in obtuse angled triangles, and so disposed as to run crosswise to the tile on the fractions being united, forming the junction sides of the fractions with a sinnous or waved outline, substantially corresponding to the contour of the individual light-holes along the junction edges of the gratings, substantially as hereinshown and described.

4. Illuminating constructions 'orsurfaces made of combination-tiles formed of fractional gratings wherein theVIight-holesjk'are grouped in triangles, and in which they are also so disposed as to rnnicrosswise to'the tile on the fractions being united, when the junction sides of such fractions are made to conforni to the honey-combfarrangement of the iight-holes therein in a waved or serpentine outline, substantially as andjfor the purposes herein set forth and illustrated.

In testimony whereof I my signature in presence of two witnesses.

THADDnUs HYATT.

\Vitnesses:

Louis BEYER, JOHN O. PARKER. 

